Power-generating system.



' J. M. W. KITCHEN.

POWER GENERATING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1908. 992,780,Patented May 23, 1911.

a saints-sum 1.

Inventor:

Atty

J. M. W. KITCHEN. POWER GENERATING SYSTEM.

APELIOATIOH FILED SEBT. 16, 1908.

' Patented May 23, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. M. W.- KITCHEN. PQWER GENERATING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16,1908.

Patented May 23, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

' I v ln entorf by E i A JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEWJERSEY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

POWER-GENERATING SYSTEM.

Patented May 23, 1911.

Application filed September 16, 1908. Serial No. 453,275.

tion.

The object of my invention is to reduce the cost of. and to securemechanical and utilitarian advantages in the production of motive powerthrough the exercise of various co-active influences, and through theexer cise of economies in connection with saving heat directly, in usingheat rcgeneratively,

and in providing means for using low cost tuel. In particular I overcomedefects in and limitations to theuse of either steam power or gas powerwhen used sii'igly.

In particular I have as an inventive object, the control of gas power byan outside power such as steam, generated, accumulated and applied toinitiate and control the rate and character of, and reversal of motionin a gas engine acting as a prime mover. \Vhile utilizing the heatwastes of the-gas engine in generating power accessory to the gasengine, I do not confine my use of that power as a mere sequence andauxiliary to the force of the gas engine.

. Theinvention is available in connection with power plants of moderatesize and simple in form, but is more valuable when applied in largerplants.

The main'basis on which this invention is founded is the generation oflow cost socalled producer gas, which I define .as fuel gas generated inan internally fired gas generator. This gas is in contradistinction toilluminating gas, which is produced by the exterior firing of gasdistilling retorts.

When the internal combustion engine was first used, high cost gas richin thermic units was used as fuel for these engines, and methods wereproposed for utilizing the heat of the jacket water and of the exhaustgases to generate steam for motive use. Those efforts were of nopractical use because in that day gas was too expensive to be usedextensively in the generation of power, and it was not then, or now,worth while saving small amounts of as en ine heat wastes, and alsobecause themetnods used to economize this waste heat were crude andineffective. \Vitli the advent of a large use or the cheaper and poorerquality producer gas. which canbe highly compressed in the internalcombustion engine. and which burns-morequickly and with comparativelylittle heat waste as compared with illuminating gas, opportunity has len presented to secure advanced economic results through the use ofcom-' posite and steam power generation. I believe that I am thefirst towork out a practical solution of the involved problems in connectionwith composite use of steam and producer gas for power generation, andam hence entitled to claim the use of producergas in composite gas andsteam generating plants, as an invention and the starting point of a newadvance .in power generation-economics. The successful solution of theproblems involved has necessitated the use of various new combinationsand novel structures by nun-thatpreviously had not been used. tures areclaimed more or less in this, and in each one of the co-pendingapplications hereinafter named. j

Previously it has been assumed that steam under pressure for motivepower could be generated in a practical manner from the exhaust jacketwater and exhaust gases of the gas engine. As a matter of fact with theuse of previously devised structures, the heat in the exhaust jacketwater and exhaust, gases is in so diluted a formyas to be practicallyonly available for heating water up to a temperature from which motivepower of any intensity can only be secured from the indirect powercreated by condensing the small amount of water vapor generated.

Even the heat of the exhaust gases applied in the most etlicient manneris not sufiicient for converting into steam under pressure the largevolume of cooling water that must be passed through the gas enginejacket. Only a smallipart of the heated acket water can be utilized forits higher heating by the exhaust gases in the production of steam. andthe amount of steam thus produced if used continuously would hardly bemore than enough to overcome the friction of the steam engine worked inunison with the gas engine. In, fact, there would be practically nomotive energy developed that could be applied in usefulrwork. The jacketwater can be easily'utilized tor heatingpuu poses ina -hotwater heatingsystem; but for power generation, and for the most part 'Thesecombinations and struc- I loo I have found that its heat can best beutilized in heating air for combustion to be used in the completecombustion of a solid fuel for the auxiliary heating of water partlyheated by the wastes of the gas engine. However, the waste heat of thegas engine can be utilized to generate a certain amount of motive powerfor cooperative use with steam otherwise generated. Furthermore, exhaustgases from the gas engine cylinder, if freely expanded in an -economizerimmediately undergo a large diminution of sensible temperature, so muchso as to prevent all possibility of utilizing the difl'used heat inhighly heating water in the production of steam under pressure. Toeconomize such heat the compressed waste. gases of the engine cylindermust be kept under compression until the, high sensible heat has beentransferred to the heatabsorbing medium. I practice this plan in mymethods of economizing heat.

Producer gas power has its defects and limitations in use. Thegeneration of producer gas is a process that is uncertain as to results,both as to the quality of the gas ing motive work. 4. Conserving lowdegrees produced, and as to its quantity, if generated by inexpertoperators. It takes a long time after a standby of the gas generatingprocess to secure a production of gas that'is at all burnable; and ittakes a still longer time to produce gas of a desirably good quality.Hence, there is need of having an auxiliary source of easily and quicklygenerated tractable power, such as steam power, to initiate motion inthe gas engine, and to maintain an equable production of gas and tosecure a desired rate of motion in and an equable smooth drive for themechanism actuated.

In securing the aimed for results of the invention, among otherprinciples I apply the following: 1. Generating producer gas from lowcost bituminous or other coal. 2. Freeing the gas from other condensabletarry products. 3. Utilizing any sensible heat of the newly formed gasto create steam under pressure or to heat feed water for useful work,and utilizing the steam if desired ,for making gas, or heating air afterthe expansion of the steam in accomplishof heat in the gases passingthrough the scrubber, by a circuitous use of the scrubbing fluid,incidentally, saving in the amount of water used, and also in securing ascrubbing fluid of some commercial value for its contained ammonia. 5.Freeing the gas from moisture and undesired amounts of tar by condensingthe moisture and tar by contact with heat absorbing surfaces. 6.Conserving the heat of the exhaust gases of the internal combustionengine in creating steam. 7. Supplying feed water to the water-jacket ofthe internal combustion engine, at a temperature best suited to secureefliciency of action in the internal combustion engine, utilizing thewaste heat of the process used in securing feed water of the righttemperature, or in other cases heatin air for combustion with the lowdegrees 0 the waste heat. 8. Uniting the dual forces of the internalcombustion engine and of a steam motor actuated by the steam generatedin part at least from the heat wastes of the internal combustion engine,in one outflow of motive force; the unification of energy being done ina manner that will substantially control the motive activity of theinternal combustion engine and prevent loss of motive energy in eithersource of power due to unfavorable rates of rotation of the shafts ofthe internal combustion engine and of the steam motor. 9. Conserving theheat of the exhaust steam used in the motor, or of low degrees of heatof exhaust gases to heat air for combustion, primarily heating the airwith the heat in waterl of condensation, and utilizing the heated airfor purposes of combustion in the system. 10. Unifying the energy of theinternal combustion engine and that of a low pressure turbine actuatedby steam generated at relatively low pressure, but acquiring powerindirectly through a vacuum exhaust, that exhaust being created by surface condensation and by the mechanical suction of the engine, the heatof someof the exhaust steam being conserved in the generation of gaswhen desired. 11. Securing the advantages of using in cycle jacket feedwater that is practically free from earthy salts or other -incrustatingcontaminants.

In order that the scope of the invention may be fully understood, itshould be 0011- sidered in connection with other inventive ideas, whichare generally used by me coactively with the present invention incomposite power and heating systems, my claims for which have alreadybeen allowed, or which are pending, or which will be applied for infurther applications. These connected ideas will be referred to later inthis specification.

In the accompanying drawings: Figures 1 and 2 diagrammatically representa system for power generation comprising my invention, the parts in Fig.1 being placed to the right of those in Fig. 2 for purposes of study.Fig. 3 diagrammatically represents apower generating system differing instructure from that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but which comprises anapplied principle of my invention.

It shouldbe understood that the drawings only crudely illustrate in adiagrammatic way some applied principles which I use under variouscircumstances in composite steam and gas power generation. I want itparticularly understood that it is only by using both sources of motivepower that the.

greatest controlling operative possibilities and the greatest economy infuel are secured in connection with the use of gas power. Thelimitations of gas power can only be made good through the co-action ofthe more moderate and tractable power of steam, and it is only throughthe co-use of steam genoration that the undependable nature of producergas power can be made available and all of the heat wastes of gas powercan be utilized. In power plants of any important size, it is desirableto have an accessory, easily handled and tactable means, such as a steamboiler using natural draft and a steam motor to use in initiating motionin the producer gas engine, and to do motor work in connection with gasgenerating and also to have the steam for heating purposes. In all suchcases the gas engine, and the means of transferring and economizing theheat wastes of the gas engine, are

intimately in connection with the auxiliary motor in such a way that thewastes of the gas engine heat water to a moderate super-- heat.

The gas producwi-ln Fig. 1 the gas producerA is specially designed toburn bituminous soft coal. It is comprised ofa charging box A a fuelfeeding magazine A and a low height combustion chanrl'ierand ash pit A".The combustion chamber is Wider than the fuel feeding magazine A so thatthe fuel in spreading out after passing from the fuel magazine willleave a gas space between the fuel mass and the upper periphery of thecombustion There is an annular air distributing space A around the lowerpart of the producer. having the air inlets X. The grate A revolvingupon the movable pin A is'arranged for a comparatively free entrance ofair at the center of the grate, but for only asmall amount of air at theperiphery of the grate. The grate provides for the centrifugalhorizontal travel of the fuel and the gases. A are arms which stir upthe fuel and prevent its clogging, the same being actuated by a leverintroduced into the slot A. These arms are protected from high heat bythe mass of unburned 'fuel around them.

The burning gases are conveyed centrifugally underneath the fuel massand rise v'ertically through the fuel mass at. its periphery Where thefuel has become more or less coked, and pass out through the gas passageA which is formed in the upper part of the fire-bricks A slottedpassages connecting the interior of the combustion chamber and thepassage A. The bricks A of the volatilized condensabletarry vaporschamber. I

before the gases find exit through the apertures, A

T he special is intended to be used in situations where there is littlehead room in which to use the poke rod which is used in manipulating thefuel mass.

The as cooler and orator b('(/te1'.The

gas, after passing through the exit A, is

run through the dust intercepter B and is drawn upwardly through theconduit B, which has a non-coiulucting lining and then downwardlythrough the gas cooler and water heater B. (old and even refrigeratedfeed water is introduced in the bottom of the gas cooler through theinlet pipe. B, and travels upwardly to take the place of the waterheated or turned into steam through A, and which is finally exhaustedthrough I the engine E and exhaust pipe It. orwhich may be forced out ofthe gas cooler after absorbing the. sensible heat. of the newlygenerated gases passing through the cooler. The cover B may be ren iovedfor cleaning purposes. Any steann if-generated. is held back in thedevice B by means of the. valve '13 to such extent as to secure theneeded pressure for effective work as it emerges into the steam pipe X.The. cooled gas passes through the outlet B' 'into the under part of thescrubber C. If much tar is condensed in the cooler special provisionshould be made to draw it otf'beforethe gases enter the scrubber. toprevent its clogging the scrubber.

lrm'wnffuy loss of km? from. /mi-l'ufi(m. In getting the best economicresults in utilizing waste heat of low degrees of temperature.particular attention has to be given to keeping the intensity of thesensible heat. to be economized at as high a temperature. as ishiissiblc until the fransn'iission of thefheat to the heat absorbingmedium is completed. Heat is transu'iittcd very quickly through goodheat transmitting mediums. This economizing provision is especiallynecessary in connection with the conveyance of very hot exliaust. gasesfrom the point of generation. as in the case of the exhaust cylindergases of the internal combustion engine. to the point of utilization ofthe heat. a

For this reason it is desirable tohave the heatabsorbing device as closeto the point of heat generation as is possible. and that the. conduitconveying the hot gases be very large so as to avoid friction, and alsobe nonfOIll'l of producer here. shown A wardly in the device.

conductive of heat. In order to overcome the loss of sensible heat dueto expansion of the waste gases, either due to an induced draft, or tothe escape of the gases from a ,state of compression in which the highheat is parts of the heat economizers that I use,.

from which it may be desirable to prevent the radiation of heat from. Inthe device B, I provide for very great vertical length but relativelysmall diameter, so that the gases coming through the large diameteredand non-conducting gas conduit leading from the gas generator in passingthrough the gas conduits of the gas cooler loses its heat rapidly in thehigher levels of the device, and before much expansion of the gasesoccurs. The higher part of this device would be covered withnon-conducting material to conserve-in water heating the high degrees ofheat, while the lower part would be left unprotected to allow for thefreest radiation of the lowest degrees of heat passing down- Inasmuch asthe feed Water forced upwardly through. this device would be as cold aspossible, the gases would not only be cooled, but also tarry vaporwould'be condensed on the water cooled surfaces. The gases passing outthrough a present in the gas somewhat contracted aperture at the bottomof the device under the inductive action of the engine, wouldimmediately expand and show a. low sensible temperature, which isdesirable to have in connection with the high compression of gases thatis favorable to good internal combustion engine work using producer gas.Under conditions Where there is a large amount of tarry vapor roduced,this device would be of larger iameter, allowing'for the immediateexpansion of the gases near the upper inlet of the device, with only amoderate heating of the water, securing a more complete condensation ofthe tarry vapors on the lower levels of the water tubes. In this casethe moderately Warm water would be conveyed out of the device and forcedinto the bottom of the water heater I in connection with the water ofcondensation from the condenser K.

Under certain conditions, Iihave a special device for use in plants ofthis character in which I equalize by admixture the temperatures of thewater that has passed through the device B and of the hot water of theengines water jacket, and then cool the commingled waters to atemperature most efli cient for waterjacket feeding. This process issubstantially the same in effect as is produced by the arrangement ofthe heater I and by the water circulation in that device. It is obviousthat this principle of heat conservation may be applied under variousconditions in different ways. The efliciency of the internal combustionengine is promoted by a proper temperature of the water fed into thewater jacket; and it is more economical to cool the hot water for thispurpose than to heat cold water, especially if the heat of cooling istransferred to .air for combustion, and we also in this case gain theadvantages of a feed water free from earthy salts.

The scrubber.-The scrubber C is of ordinary construction, except thatprovision is made for using the scrubbing water in a continuous round,and in copious amounts, to free the gas from sulfur vapors, dust anduncondensed tarry vapors. flow of cleaning fluid is produced by the pumpC actuated by the steam cylinder C The water, after passing through thespraying device C emerges through-the pipe C controlled by the valve Cto the receptacle 0*. "After the scrubbing fluid is sufficientlyimpregnated with ammonia a small stream of the scrubbing fluid isallowed to run out through the orifice C", in the water receptacle C anda replenishing supply of fresh water is introduced through the ballcontrolled valve C A scrubbing fluid highly impreganted with ammoniaproducts has a duction.

The gas dm'er.The washed gas finds ac,- cess through the pipe G into thegas drier D. This device has sufiicient size to contain a moderate storeof gas for use in the engine. Its walls are extended by corrugations Dand any excessive moisture in the gas is more or less precipitated bycondensation around the Walls. A space is left at the lower part of thisdevice to hold water of condensation and also any tar that may becondensed or precipitated. A cock D The circuitous salable value forammoniacal fertilizer prodrains off the contents. A contact tarintershaft G, the fly wheel H, and the pulley N;

be used" in: my inventi n; te aavantage wand be 0.

-as in-the'naval marine, where light engine weight and economy of roomoccupied by "the engine are essential requirements.

The steam turbine.-The reciprocating single or multiple cylindered steamengine may be used ina power generating system comprising my invention;but where practical, a low pressure steam turblne may beadvantageouslyused alone or in connectlon with areciprocating engine.

F indicates a turbine operated by low pressure steam generated in thegas cooler B and the economizer boiler I. The shaft 1 of this turbine Fis united with the shaft G, and theturbine works in unison with theengine E, assistlng in securing the gaming of a more uniform, smoothmot-ion for the machinery driven by the combined motors as well as inunifying the kinetic energy. generated by the gas and steam motors. Thisillustration merely indicates the principle involved in my invention ofa com posite e of the two forces. An internal combustion engine of hetype shown 1s not the best to use in "a composite power stationarygenerating system of this nature;

butmany such engines are already made and in use; and conslderableeconomy in generating power and increased smoothness of motion can besecured ina system by incorporating with such engines the other elementshere described and illustrated. The turbine F is of a type suitable forthe use of steam of low pressure and large volume, rather than one whoseefiiciency is due to very high velocity in the steam and having a rapidrate of revolution. In Fig. 3' the turbine F would be of a'type tosecure a greater 'efiiciency from the steam pressure generated in theboiler I through a more rapid rate of revolution, its shaft M and 5- theshaft G being run at different rates-of spee I The type of steam turbineused may be varied. l It may be a simple inexpensive construction of theimpulse and reaction type and of comparatively low efiiciency, such asis indicated by F in Fig. 2, which is arranged for low pressure work,using large volumes of steam, and securing most of its motive forceindirectly from the vacuum exhaust created in the device K throughsurface air condensing. turbine that may more 4 orf les eemponud'ed Psee aw- 's better'opportunity is ofl'ered to use a turbine ofmorebulkysize. In this case a higher heating would be given to the waterthat bears the heat wastes of the internal combust-ion engine.

It will be observed that the power stored in the tank L, which receivesits steam through-the conduit X and delivers it to the turbinethroughthe conduit X, can be used intermittently to start the engine E or tocontrol its rate of speed, .and by a suitable modificationofstructure,this outside reserve of power can be' used to reverse the engine E.

The ec'onomz'zer heater.'The economizer heater I is especially designedto utilize to the greatest possible extent the heat of the exhaust gasesfrom the engine, a'nd'some of the heated 'jacketwater from the engine,for forming steamun'der moderate pressure. I also utilize this heaterfor securing a feed water for the internal combustion engine jackets ofa desirable temperature. The

'boiler here shown illustrates diagrammatically only the highlyeflicient principle inthrough the pipe 0. A gravity circulation of waterfrom the engine jackets J and through the heater I is maintained throughthe pipes E and E the rapidity of the circulation beingcontrolled by thevalve E The feed water for the engine cylinder jackets is taken from theboiler at a level Where the temperature of the water is of a desireddegree and is conveyed from the cylinder into the boiler at a relativelyhigh level.

x To secure a circulation of the jacket feed water through the waterjacket'and economizer heater the force of gravity alone will in certainonditions not alone be sufficient. In such cases the circulation wouldbe promoted by a means of mechanical acceleration. In either case theobject is to secure a feed water of a suitably low temperature for thejacket feed water and yet make use of the heat absorbed in the jacket ofthe gas steam under low pressure.

'5 here illustrated. Various conditions require modifications to suitconditions in hand.

The temperature of the hot exhaust gases entering the economizer boilerI being much higher than the temperature of the feed water, raises apart of the jacket water to a temperature that produces steam under lowpressure.

It should be understood that in constructing economizing heater devicesfor carrying out the involved principles of the invention thearrangement of heating surfaces, water spaces and gas spaces would varyaccording to the nature of the fuel used and of the temperature of thegases available. If a fuel is used high in sulfur content, a boiler ofmore expensive construction is necessary than where gases of relativelymoderate temperatures and more free from sulfur vapor are passed throughthe boiler. In some cases the gases must only be brought in contact withsubmerged heating surfaces to prevent destructiveinjury to the metallicsurfaces. In other cases the gases can be brought in contact withheating surfaces in such a manner that the boiler can actforsuper-heating steam as well as for generatlng steam. In using acertain quality of coal, such as anthracite, and in which the heating ofthe newly formed gas is not essential because of small presence of tarryvapors, the gases pass into the gas cooler at relatively lowtemperatures, and

in this case the cooling surfaces soon be-- come coated witha thin filmof tar which sufliciently protects the heating surfaces from damage fromsulfur vapors.

Superheatz'ng the steam.The advantages of super-heating steam for motiveuse are generally well known; but trouble due to condensation of steamwhen mechanically compressed, or when compressed by boiler pressurewhile at a distance from the boiler, and then prevented from absorbingheat by convection, is not so generally recognized. In the powergenerating systems devised by me, I provide for superheating the steam,and in some instances provide'a separate super-heater. In Fig. 2 Iillustrate how the steam in the economizer boiler I may besuper-heatedby having the water level of the boiler sufiiciently low to allow theformed steam to pass in the tubes I through a zone of hot exhaust gasesfrom the engine E, which are introduced at a high level in the heater.This arrangement is satisfactory if theheating gases from the engine aresufliciently intense in temperature, and are free from objectionablecontaminations.

Storing (m accumulated steavrt power.- In producer as power plants it isdesirable and frequentIy necessary to have some auxiliary source ofpower for initiating and maintaining the generation of a supply of gasfor the gas engine, and for initiating motion in the engine. Sometimes ahand blower is used to force air through the producer. Sometimes agasolene engine supplants the hand blower. In large plants it has beenfound advantageous to secure an induced draft through the 'roducer bymeans of an exhausting and, lowing fan, and also to use the same devicefor forcing the gas to the engine. It is usual to initiate motion intheengine through the use of a stored supply of highly compressed air. Thepresent invention provides for the accumulation of a stored supply ofsteam in large volumes, which is generated in part at least, from asource of heat outside of the steam generated by the heat wastes of thegas engine; and then using the accumulated steam to start the gas engineas well as to maintain a desired rate of speedin the engine, in otherwords, employing the steam power to control the gas power. It will beobvious that to initiate motion in the gas engine, steam or otheroutside power must be initially generated from heat other thanthatgenerated by the burning of gas in the engine. In Patent No.883,809, issued to me April 7, 1908, I show an accessory boiler forgenerating steam for initiating the operation of the system described.The present invention is an evolutionary advance on that idea. In theseveral ,co-pending applications hereafter refererd to I describe andclaim further developed inventive ideas in connection with the storageand use of economized heat energy and of heat energy directly producedfrom the burning of coal. But such ideas are not herein claimed.

The advantage of having a sutliciently efficient control over the gasengine by an outside power such as a large volume of stored steam, isillustrated in connection with the problem of applying gas power tomarine propulsion in large vessels. Up to the present time no suitableengines have been made for using producer gas in large vessels, nor hasany means been publicly proposed for easily starting, quickly reversingand controlling in a general way the activity of large gas engines formarine, usage. In the present invention I describe and claim such means.The principles outlined diagrammatically in the drawings can withrequisite modification of structure be ap plied in large naval. andmercantile vessels. In such cases a vertical multiple cylinder gasengine can be applied in connection with a multiple cylinder highpressure steam en- .with any steamthat may be generated in the heater B,and is stored under more; or, less sion. In my invention, and in thisconnec-.

pressure in an accumulating tank L from which it passes through the pipeX into the motor F'controlled by the valve X The water cooler and air/Lcat(, r.After' passing through the motor F the steam finds its waythrough the exit F through the exhausting conduit F into the top of theair heater and watercooler barometric condenser K. Such part of thesteam as may be needed for gas production is drawn by the action of theengine E from the pipe F through the pipe X under the grate of thegasproducer A. Thebalance of the steam surrounds the air tubes K andgradually des'cends as it cools, forming a certain depth of water ofcondensation in the lower part of the device, the depth of the water inthe air heater being controlled by the device K,

which operates the valve K Inpractice this device K is located at a muchhigher level than is indicated the drawing, and the water condensed isdrawn downwardly in pipes to its place of use, thus securing by theweight of the water a barometric vacuum in the condenser of someeconomic value. Cool air entering at the bQtl'Olll of the tubes K isprogressively heated in its ascent and finds emission through the outletK' into the conduit X through which it. is drawn and may be conveyedinto the cylinders of the engine E and through the inlet X" underneaththe grate of thdprodiu-er A, or used otherwise. The cooled water ispumped by the pump 1 through the feed waterinlet I of the boiler I. Theheated air is used for purposes of combustion.

Unification of the forces 0 capi osz'o'nand steam,ewpansi0n.The idea isold of utilizing the waste heat of the internal combustion. engine tocreate steam power; but the methods previously proposed for doing sohave been among others economically unsatisfactory. There have been tworeasons for this: (1) inefiicicncy in the means for economizing the verydiffused heat wastes of the internal combustion engine, and (2) poormethods for oining the two motive forces generated by explosion andsteam expantion, I securenot only advanced results in fuel economy, butI also secure a union of the two forces without loss of efficiency ineither force, and a more smooth and uniform outflow of motive energy,and one more tractable. In one or another way in a.

practically all of the heat for generating motive power that passes outfrom the internal combustionengine in the jacket water and application Ishow a simple method of se-' curing steam of low working pressure from ia part of the jacket water and from allmof the exhaust gases of theinternal combustion engine.

My methods of joining the force of explosion and of the expansiveforceof steam generated from the heat wastes of theinternal combustion enginevary under different conditions, and vary from the methods hithertoused. In U. S. Patent #883,809 issued to me Apr. 7, OS, I illustrate amethod of unifying the two forces through the mechanical compression ofsteam by the force of explosion, utilizing the mechanically compressedsteam for actuating the prime mover. In application for patent, SerialNo. 465.966, filed Dec. 4, 08, I illustrate a method for unifying thetwo forces through differential pulleys and belting, and also illustratetwo other methods of unitying the two forces. In the present applicationI show other means for accomplishing the same result. In the methodillustrated in Fig. 2, I connect the shafts of a steam turbine and of aninternal combustion engine. This method may be convenient; but

usually it is not the most.- economically desirable.- hen the resultdesired is only the generation of the electric current, I utilize themethod shown in Fig. 3, in which the internal combustion engineindividually rotates a dynamo, and in which the steam turbine alsoindividually rotates another -dynamo. The two forces of power may beunited in a storage battery from which the stored energy is drawn in oneoutflow of force.

In Fig. 3, J represents thewater jacket of the engine E, and I theeconomizer boiler used to generate steam from heated jacket water by theadded heat from the exhaust gases of the engine. The steam is conveyedinto the turbine F .and the tur cylinders of an internal combustionengine and the more tractable force of steam may be applied to usefulwork in a number of ways, such for example as in the shaft, pulley andbelt drive common in every day industrial art;- or in the driving ofmarine vessels; or of locomotives; or of hoisting machines. In all ofthese applications the modifying influence of steam renders theintermittent, intense jarring force of gas exn plosion more tractableand available.

An important advantage of practicing a unified motive force generated byboth internal combustion engine and steam power is, that when the twosources of generated power are properly united and connected, there is agreater smoothness of motion than when the internal combustion enginealone is used. The steam both in the boiler and in the steam cylinderacts in a measure as an elastic cushion and equalizer of motion,continuing the push of the mechanism driven during the whole of thetimewhen the rapidity of motion in the internal combustion engine isdecreasing. This is particularly the case when a multiple cylinderreciprocating steam engine'or a turbine is used. Such composite powergeneration enables the power user to utilize the more simple eflicientand noisless one cylinder internal combustion engine. Manufacturers havesought to overcome the inequality of the rates of revolution in theinternal combustion engines shaft by multiplying the number of cylindersattached to one shaft. This provision improves the smoothness of motion,but only at the cost of a lesser economic efiiciency in the use of fuel.So far as my knowledge goes, a greater efliciency in fuel is securedwhen every internal combustion cylinder is free to work expansively ofitself alone. This proposition becomes very clear when the yoking up oftwo separate internal combustion engines is tried. There is a veryapparent loss of efficient action under such circumstances.

In the following claims, when I use the term vertical counter-currentwater heater or boiler, I desire that term to'be defined I wardly incounter-current to an upward fiow of feedwater, which is thusprogressively heated; the coolest water absorbing the low temperatureheat from the gases.

Subject matter is herein disclosed, whichv is not herein claimed, butwhich is more or lessclaimed in each of the following copendingapplications: Serial- No. 4 415983 filed Feb. 14, 1908. Serial No.460267 filed Oct. 30, 1908. Serial No. 465966 filed Dec. 4, 1908. SerialNo. 482127 filed March 8, 1909. Serial No..-487694 filed Apr. 3, 1909.Serial No. 504132 filed June 24:, 1909. Serial No. 504778 filed June 28,1909.

What I claim as new is 1. In a power generating system, the combinationof (1) a producer gas generator, (2) an internal combustion engine forusing the gas, (3) means for generating steam under pressure from theheat wastes of the internal combustion engine, (4) further means forgenerating steam, (5) means for com bining,'accumulating and storing thesteam generated, and (6) means for using the combined and accumulatedsteam for controlling motion in the internal combustion engine.

2. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) a water jacketedinternal combustion engine and a hot gas exhaust conduit for saidengine, and (2) an economizer water heater connected with said waterjacket but apart from said water jacket for economizing the waste heatof the exhaust gases of said engine, said economizer water heatercomprising provision for a vertical counter-current travel of the waterto be heated and of hot exhaust gasesfrom said engine, said Watertraveling upwardly and the gases traveling downwardly, said economizercomprising means for the introduction into said water heater ofpreheated water from the water jacket of said engine at a level in'saidwater heater where the temperature of the water is substantially thesame as that of the pre-heated water introduced from said water jacketbut where the water is of a temperature lower than the temperatureof'the gases traveling downwardly at the level at which the water isthus introduced, said economizer water heater and said water jacketcomprising means for the outflow of the cooler water from said waterheater at a relatively low level in said heater and through said waterjacket, a circulation of the water being 'maintained between and throughsaid water heater and said jacket, the heat of the .water being socontrolled at a suitable zone in said water heater as to se: cure aproper temperature for the water introduced in the jacket of saidengine, and for the further heating of the water in said jacket,'thewater being given a higher heat ing in said water heater by the heat ofthe gases exhausted and conveyed through said boiler for heating waterand for controlling the pressure of steam generated in* said heater, (4)a steam accumulating tank connecting with said boiler for receiving andaccumulating steam generated. in said heater and for receiving andaccumulating steam otherwise produced, (5) a steam turbine separate andapart from said internal combustion engine and actuated by the steamgenerated, and (6) means for uni- ;newly generated gas, (3) an internalc0m-- the motive force ofsaid internal com-- bustl'on engine and saidsteam turbine with-v out loss 01% motive efiicienoy in either engine orturbine dueto,=,unfavorable rates oi ino tion in either said engine orsaid turbine and for driving machinery by the motive.

force created by the union of the two motive forces. 4. In a powergeneratingsystem, thecombination with a steam motor, generator, (2)means for forming steam under pressure from the sensible heat of thebustion engine for burning the gas generated, (4),means for generatingsteam from the waste heat of the internal combustiona steam motoractuated by the engine. (5)

and (6) means for utilizing the steam made,

exhaust steam from said steam motor in gas making in said gas generator,said combination of elements securing the utilization of the explosiveforce of gas, the expansive force of the steam created, and the regenerative use of the latent heat of the steam after its working pressurehas been. utilized in work. '1

I 5. In: a power generating system, thecombination of '(1) a gasgenerator, (2) means for. utilizing the heat of the gas newly generated,(3) a gas engine for burning the gas, (4) means for forming steam fromthe waste heat of the gas engine, (5) a steam 1 motor for using thesteam thus generalized,

(6) means for utilizing the motive forces of said engine and said motor,(7 a combined air heater and condenser of'thesteam from I said steammotor for heating air forfcombustion, cooling feed water and; creatingavacuum exhaust for said steam motor, and:

(8) means for utilizing the water cooled in saidair heater and.condenser for feed water purposes in: said system andfor conveying theair heated to places in said system fior.

purposes of economic combustion.

6. In a power generating system,-the combination of"(1) a gas generator,(2) a gas I cooler-and-water heater for cooling the: gas

' bmation of (1) an internal combustiion sen-M generated and forheating. water, (3) a scrubberfor cleaning the gas, said scrubbercomprising. means forusing the scrubbing fluid circuitouslyand incopious amounts, (4) a gas engine for using the gas, 5) means forgenerating steam from the heat wastes of the gas engine, (6) asteammotorfor using. the steam, (7;) means for heatin' am with the heatgenerated-insaidsystem that is otherwise not used in. generating motivepower, and (8 means for utilizing: said heated air for purposes ofcombustion, 7'. In a power generating system, the comgine, (2:) a steam,motor, (3) means forunitying up. one outflow oi motive force theme.-tive. energy of said internal combustion ens .gine andthe motivapowerof; said steam of (1) a gas motor, (4) a vertical counter-current waiterfor generating steam mulation and; storage of steam in a high state ofcompression, and 4)- means: workingin unison-with the activity of; theinter nal combustion engine for utilizing-in work the stIored highhycompressed steam.

combination of (1) a gas-generator,

gas cooler and water heater for cooling thegas generated, and forheating.- water, (3)- an engine for burning the gas generated, and (4)an economizer boiier for highly heating water and creating steam fromthe heat wastes of the gas engine, said; gas.

cooler and said economi-zerboiler being vertically disposed andconstructed for the V61? tical counter-current travel ofthe heatingmedium and the medium tobe heated and n a power generating system, the

being so placed and connectedaS 2 provide for substantially the samewater level; in both coolerand boiler-.

10. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) meansforgenerating a combustible gas, (2;) n. iter at combustion engine forusing. the generated, 63) an" econo'mi-zer water; heater and boiler notgen-1 crating-steam from. the heat wastes oi? the internal combustionengine, (4) a mo or r using St am, d 6 me ns for heating air forcombustion and: foecool; ing feed waterforfeeding the waster heater andboiler, the heat wastes. of the steam motorheatingsaid' said means torair forcombustion, for cooling f ed. water nd g h e wate n a sys em secuing the absorption of low degrees; of heat conveyed in the exhaustgases; of the internal combustion engineand. for securingtheregenerative economization. oi the, heat wastes of the steam motor.

11. In a power generating system, the

combination of (1). a gasvgenerato b. (2)

.water jacketed rn l 'combustiogen for using t gas generated* itscounter-current economizerboiler connected with said; engine for,generating steam firom the heat wastes of sitidwngine, said boilerbeingarranged forthe. introductlon. of cool feedwater at the bottom ofsaid boiler and ion the direct r ical y p ard a elqi engine and saidwater through the boiler and for the introduction of the hot exhaustgases of said engine at the top of said boiler and for the directvertically downward travel of said gases in said boiler and for the exitof said gases from the bottom of said boiler, said travel of gases beingin counter-current to the travel of the water, said boiler havingfurther means for conveying from av selected level in said boiler waterof proper temperature for introduction into the water acket of saidengine and comprising further means for the re-introduction into saidboiler of water that has passed through said water jacket, said waterbeing reintroduced into said boiler at a level where the temperature ofthe gases descending through said boiler is higher than the temperatureof the water reintroduced and ata level in the boiler where the water inthe boiler issubstantially of the sametemperature as that of the waterre-introduced, and (4) means for controlling the amount of water flowingfrom said boiler through said jacket and re-introduced in said boiler. v12. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) means forgenerating producer gas from soft bituminous coal, (2) means co-actingwith said first named means for removing tar from said gas throughcontact with heated surfaces, (3) means for economizing in useful workthe heat generated from the making of said gas, (4) means for securing aproper amount of moisture in said gas, (5) means for securing abyproduct of ammonia from said gas, (6) a gas engine for burning saidgas, (7 means for creating steam under pressure from the waste heat ofsaid engine and for creating motive power from said steam, (8) means foruniting and applying in useful work the motive power of said internalcombustion the force in said steam, and (9) means for economizing thewaste heat of said steam after it has become expanded in g the creationof motive power.

13. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) means forgenerating a combustible gas, (2) a water jacketed internal combustionengine for using the gas, and (3) means for regulating the temperatureof the jacket water introduced in said jacket for cooling said engine,said last named means comprising provision for securing a temperature ofsaid feed'water favorable to the efiicient working of the motor parts ofsaid engine, said combination being exemplified by an economizer waterheater with a water conduit connecting said jacket and the water heaterat levels where the water is of the desired temperature.

14. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) a gasgenerator, (2) a water jacketed internal combustion engine for using thegas, (3) a vertical countercurrent water heater and boiler foreconomizing thewaste heat of the gases .of the internal combustionengine for heating water and generating steam, (4) means for utilizingsome of the jacket water heat in producing steam, and (5) means forcontrolling the temperature of the water in the Water jacket and forusing continuously and in cycle the jacket water used in said jacket,said last named means providing for the -cooling to a suitabletemperature of the water that has passed through and become heated inthe jacket.

15. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) a gasgenerator, (2) an internal combustion engine for burning the gasgenerated, (3) a vertical counter-current economizer for heating waterand forming steam from the jacket water and exhaust gases of saidengine, (4) means for uniting the motive power of said internalcombustion engine and of the steam generated from the waste heat of saidengine, means separate and apart from said economizer for the reception,accumulation, storage and equalization of pressure of the steam formedin said system, and (6) a steam motor for utilizing the force of thesteam thus accumulated, stored and equalized in pressure.

16. In a power generating system, the

combination of (1) means for producing combustible gas, (2) an internalcombustion engine for burning said gas, (3) means for generating steamfrom the heat wastes of said internal combustion engine, (4) a lowpressure turbine for utilizing the steam generated, (5) means forunifying in one outflow of motive power the power generated by saidinternal combustion engine and said low pressure turbine, and. (6) meanscomprising a condenser for creating a vacuum exhaust for said turbineand further means for economizing in heating air-for combustion the heattransferred in said last named means.

17; In a power generating system, the combination of (l) a producer gasgenerator, (2) a water jacketed internal combustion engine for using thegas generated, (3) means for controlling the heat of the water used tofeed said water jacket, (4) means for controlling the temperature ofsaid water for feeding said jacket by controlling the rate ofcirculation of the feed water while passing through the jacket, (5)means for increasing the temperature of and forming steam from the waterthat has been partially heated in said system from waste heat generatedin said system, and (6) means for utilizing the steam thus created.

18. In a power generating system, the comgas engine and for controllingthe rates of combination of (1) a gas generator, (2) an stored steam forinitiating motion'in said motion in said engine and for securingsmoothness of motion in sa1d engine.

19. In a power generating system, the

internal combustion engine for using the gas, (3) means for generatingsteam from theheat wastes of the internal combustion engine, (4) a lowpressure turbine for utilizing the steam generated, (5') acondenserconnected with said turbine for accelerating the motive force generatedby said turbine. 20. In a power generating plant, the combination of (1)a gas producer; (2) means for cleaning the gas, (3) means for heatingwater and generating steam from the heatof the gas making, (4)aninternal combus-v tion engine for burning the gas, (5) vmeans forgenerating steam by utilizing the heat wastes of the internal combustionengine, (6) a steam motor for generating motive power from the steam,(7) means for unifying the motive power of the internal combustionengine and of the steam motor, and I (8) means for utilizing the wasteexhaust heat in the steam for warming air for combustion, said gasproducer comprising means for securing a travel of gases horizontallyunder the impervious fuel in said gas producer and upwardly through moreor less coked pervious partsof the fuel and for the passage of the gasesover heated surface s whereby is secured the fixation of some tarrygengine.

vapors in said gases into combustible gas;

21. In a powergenerating-plant, the combination' of (1) a gas producer,(2) a gas cooler and tarl condenser, (3) a wet scrubber for removingdust from the gas, said scrubher having means for the continuous cyclicflow of the same scrubbin water through said scrubber, whereby sa' gascan be more thoroughly washed with/ large volumes of water without thewasteful use of large quantities of water and whereby an ammoniacalfluid of commercial Value is secured, (4) an internal combustion enginefor using the gas, (5) means for generating steam from the heat wastesof gas making-and of the in-- ternal combustion engine, (6) means forgenerating motive power from the steam, (7 means for accumulating,concentrating and storing energy from the heating of water'wit'h theheat wastes of the heat of gas making and of burning the gas in theinternal combustion engine, (8) means-for applying in work at will theenergy thus ac cumulated, and (9) means for applying in useful work theheat of steam that has been applied expansively in work in saidplant.

22. In a I power generating system, the combination of (1) a gasgenerator, (2) a gas engine for using the gas, means for generatingpower from the heat wastes of the .gas engine, other means forgenerating power, means for accumulating and storing the power duallygenerated, and (6) means for using the accumulated and stored power forcontrolling motion in the gas JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN. Witnesses:

ELIZABETH B. KING,

GEO. L. WHEELOCK.

